Causal Relations in Support of Implicit Evolution Equations

Abstract

This is a brief exposition of dynamic systems approaches that form the basis for linear implicit evolution equations with some indication of interesting applications. Examples in infinite-dimensional dissipative systems and stochastic processes illustrate the fundamental notions underlying the use of double families of evolution equations intertwined by the empathy relation. Kisy'nski's equivalent formulation of the Hille-Yosida theorem highlights the essential differences between semigroup theory and the theory of empathy. The notion of K-bounded semigroups, a more direct approach to implicit equations, and related to empathy in a different way, is included in the survey.