A settlement Kochegarovo I in Ural-Irtish forest-steppe area (short results of researches)

Abstract

Research of settlements of forest-steppe Ural-Irtysh area presents enormous interest, as this region
is the most relevant sphere of researches in archaeology of the Stone Age. An aim of researches is
a reconstruction of historical events of certain society within the framework of separate settlement.
Work is based on application of approach of the systems, consolidating archaeological, historical and
natural-science directions of researches. Long-term researches of settlement of Kochegarovo I gave
unique materials on the Neolithic and Aeneolithic of Ural-Irtysh area and allowed to decide a number
of fundamental scientific problems. To present tense it is dug out about 2000 sq. m. a 8 dwellings of

the Neolithic and Aeneolithic are studied, collection of settlement contains about 20 000 artefacts
of stone tools and ceramics. In natural cavities used under dwellings, the layers of the Neolithic and
Aeneolithic divide a layer strongly saturated with a humus loam appearing as a result of standing of
water during the flood of settlement. Time of uselessness for life of ground of monument coincides
with the periods of enhanceable moisture of climate between 6000 and 5000 thousand years BP, that
confirmed by the conducted radiocarbon dating of settlement. Stone tools equipment fully corresponds
to the modern ideas about stone tools of river settlements of Transurals in the Neolithic and Aeneolithic.
Basis of the system of life-support of habitants of settlement were a hunt and fishing. Presently
the lack of modern data on archaeology of region substantially restrains development of problems of
socio-cultural history of population of Transurals and West Siberian forest-steppe. Analytical research
of settlement of Kochegarovo I is not yet complete, however, already now clear, that this settlement
have all pre-conditions, to become the main in archaeology of the Late Stone Age of Transurals.