MICROBIAL FLORA OF SOILS IN BEET CROP ROTS OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Diseases and pests of sugar beet annually cause significant damage to agriculture and are
the cause of crop loss. With intensive use of soil and insufficient application of organic fertilizers,
the equilibrium of the microbial cenosis of the soil is disturbed in the direction of accumulation
of phytopathogenic microflora, which as a result causes the development of diseases and
rotting of root crops. All this leads to infection with pathogenic microflora and depletion of soil
resources. The aim of the work is to study the microbial composition of the soil in various regions
of the cultivation of sugar beet. Based on the data obtained, a protective - stimulating composition
will be developed aimed at reducing the incidence of sugar beet seeds before sowing.
The objects of research were samples of soils taken in various beet-growing crop rotation in the
southern and northern regions of Kazakhstan. Quantitative accounting of microorganisms was
performed by sowing on nutrient media selected in accordance with their type. The article presents
the results of the study of the microbial composition of the soil in the planting of sugar beet
in different regions of Kazakhstan. The quantitative content of microorganisms in the context of
areas is shown. The results of the taxonomic composition of microorganisms in soil samples in
sugar beet crop rotations in the southern and northern regions of Kazakhstan are presented. According
to the results of the research, it was established that the most numerous group of
microbiota of the soil samples presented in the sugar beet crop rotations in Almaty, Zhambyl,
North Kazakhstan regions are mushrooms of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium.
In the soil samples of the northern regions, where mineralization processes are slow, fungi of the
genus Penicillium are most widely represented.