Уважаемые коллеги! Мы рады приветствовать вас на нашем сайте! Серия «Экономика и менеджмент» Вестника ЮУрГУ была создана в 2007 году и в настоящее время представлена четырьмя выпусками в год. Основная цель журнала «Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета». Серия «Экономика и менеджмент» состоит в развитии современной науки на основе освещения результатов фундаментальных и прикладных научных исследований, продвижения в кругах профессиональной аудитории результатов научных работ высокого качества, востребованных в практике современного бизнеса, актуальных проблем в области экономической теории, региональной и отраслевой экономики, менеджмента, финансов. Результаты научных исследований могут быть представлены в форме оригинальных неопубликованных ранее статей, а также в форме кратких сообщений (для молодых ученых и аспирантов). Для аспирантов всех форм обучения обязательным является предоставление отзыва научного руководителя. Приглашаем к сотрудничеству всех авторов, разделяющих цели и задачи Вестника ЮУрГУ. Серия «Экономика и менеджмент». ПУБЛИКАЦИЯ БЕСПЛАТНА. Главный редактор
THE FOREIGN TRADE POTENTIAL OF THE CHELYABINSK REGION
The article presents an assessment of the foreign trade potential of the industrial region. The study aimed to analyze the comparative advantages of exports and imports as factors of foreign trade potential, using the Chelyabinsk Region as an example. The study focuses on the region's foreign trade activity, which is defined as a set of export and import operations that reflect the region's specialization. The research methods include statistical indicators and comparative analysis. The study's hypothesis is that information on the comparative advantages of industrial regions is practically significant for reformulating the strategy of foreign economic relations and developing foreign trade activities. The analysis identified commodity positions with stable and unstable comparative advantages from the long-term development trend of 2006–2019. Further studying the geography and growth rates of industrial production while taking technological efficiency into account will make it possible to determine changes in the region's foreign economic relations strategy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Economics and Management
ASSESSMENT OF LOGISTICS DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Under present-day economic conditions, various sectors of the Russian economy, in particular, transport and logistics are in focus. In 2017–2023 in Russia, relevant areas for the development of supply chain management were identified within the framework of Industry 4.0 technology. Goal. To identify trends in the development of supply chain management and logistics using data mining methods. Research hypothesis. The main development trends in logistics and supply chain management directly depend on the application of Industry 4.0 technologies in their work, taking into account the geopolitical situation, the coronavirus pandemic and sanctions, as well as the restructuring of global supply chains. Methodology and methods. The study uses the textual analysis of news reports and intellectual deliverables in supply chain management. The dynamic modification of the Bertopic natural language processing model was used to analyze the generated data sets. The influence of new technologies and external factors on the development of supply chain management is studied in order to optimize all processes based on the introduction of modern management approaches. In the current unstable environment (the consequences of the pandemic, the aggravation of the geopolitical situation and the sanctions imposed in this regard), the existing Russian supply chain management has led to inconsistencies in the interaction between counterparties and, consequently, disruptions in the entire supply chain. Results. The paper defines the main development trends in logistics and supply chain management in Russia and identifies the factors influencing the development of supply chain management: the restructuring of supply chains during the COVID pandemic and sanctions pressure; the development of business and entrepreneurship; and the import of Chinese products to Russia. The dataset for the keywords “logistics”, “supply chain”, “logistics chain”, and “logistics system” consists of 1954 news reports from Lenta.ru RSS feed and 571 computer programs and databases from the Rospatent platform website for January 2017 – December 2023. Practical relevance. The obtained research results can be used to find effective tools aimed at achieving sustainable development in the context of digital transformation.
GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN RESEARCH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE SCOPUS DATABASE
Currently, the concept of supply chain management is being examined worldwide from the perspective of its impact on businesses, consumers, the environment, and society. In economics and transportation, the terms “green supply chains” and “sustainable supply chains” have emerged. However, the specific applications of each term are still unclear. Typically, both are assumed to consider economic, social, and environmental aspects in freight transportation processes. This study aims to clarify the specifics of these concepts as academic interest in these supply chains is growing, leading to an increasing number of scientific publications and subsequent attempts to consolidate existing knowledge. This study tests the hypothesis that, despite their respective meanings, the terms “green supply chain” and “sustainable supply chain” are used interchangeably in academic literature. The hypothesis was tested using a combination of methods, including PRISMA, bibliometric analysis, and content analysis of scientific publications from the Scopus database. Analyzing 1,871 articles on green supply chains and 1,501 articles on sustainable supply chains made it possible to determine publication dynamics, identify the most influential authors, scientific organizations, journals, and countries, and determine the most significant, highly cited papers. Additionally, the study identifies and summarizes methodologies, key research topics, and promising future studies. The results clarify the application areas for the terms “green supply chain” and “sustainable supply chain”, distinguish their respective scopes, and lay the groundwork for further research on various types of supply chains.
METHODOLOGY FOR COMPLEMENTARY SELECTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL FOR CHILDREN'S HEALTH CAMPS USING A MATHEMATICAL OPTIMIZATION MODEL
Selecting highly qualified managers is an urgent problem for any enterprise. A children's health camp is a unique organization for evaluating the effectiveness of changes in the leadership selection system because the work is temporary and all employees are hired simultaneously, so there is no time to adapt to each other. Working with children also eliminates the "right to make mistakes." Consequently, the selection process is accompanied by increased responsibility. This study aims to develop a complementary selection methodology for administrative and managerial personnel in children's health camps, based on modern management, psychological, and pedagogical achievements, using mathematical modeling. The hypothesis is that using classification and integration of managerial and pedagogical paradigms to select administrative and managerial staff at children's health camps will allow us to develop optimal personnel solutions that enhance the complementarity of management teams. We chose a complementary approach to selecting managers as our methodological strategy. Our theoretical basis was the concept of command and the theoretical provisions of recruitment, selection, and personnel selection. The result of the research is a complementary selection methodology for administrative and managerial personnel. This methodology includes a classification of managerial and pedagogical paradigms and clarifies complex requirements for managers and their experience. These requirements are transformed into evaluation criteria and indicators when diagnosing candidates. The scientific novelty lies in the classification of managerial and pedagogical paradigms, as well as the reasonable possibility of integrating them in the selection of managers while considering the industry affiliation of the organization. Additionally, the study systematizes and clarifies the professional and personal qualities required of managers in the education system in general, and in children's health camps in particular. Theoretically, it expands the ideas about the potential application of mathematical modeling in management team recruitment. The practical significance lies in the fact that the presented materials and conclusions may be useful for federal, regional, and municipal bodies involved in selecting administrative and managerial personnel in the education system; personnel management services and departments when preparing job descriptions, competence maps, and position profiles; forming the personnel reserve.
FEATURES OF PROMOTING DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS ON MARKETPLACES
The research topic is relevant because marketplaces have become effective platforms for not only sales, but also promoting products, maintaining consumer activity, and offering automatic promotional functions. Understanding the media behavior and preferences of buyers on marketplaces enables sellers to promote their products more effectively. More effective promotion means obtaining the planned sales volumes with the lowest possible promotional costs. In order to understand the specifics of media behavior and the media preferences of buyers on marketplaces, sellers must use internal marketplace analytics tools and web analytics services to evaluate the effectiveness of their promotional activities. They must also conduct field research with users in the form of online surveys at regular intervals. This frequency is justified by the continuous evolution of consumer behavior. The study's problem is that the Russian online retail media market ecosystem comprises many types of participants offering a wide range of promotional services for sellers. However, each type of seller requires a specific set of promotional methods determined by the characteristics of the goods and the media behavior and preferences of key buyer segments. This study aims to develop a methodology for researching marketplace users' media behavior and preferences, including conducting field research in the form of surveys and developing proposals to improve marketplace promotion for different product categories. The study tested the hypothesis that the set of promotional methods for different product categories on marketplaces is determined by product category characteristics and the specifics of the media behavior and preferences of key buyer segments. The study employed general scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, and abstraction, as well as specific methods, including comprehensive analysis, surveys, and statistical analyses. These approaches ensured the reliability of the results and the validity of the conclusions. The specific results obtained by the author in accordance with the verification of the research hypothesis include the clarification of the classification of methods for promoting goods on marketplaces; a methodology for studying the media behavior and preferences of marketplace users; a set of proposals for improving the promotion of different categories of goods on marketplaces, developed based on the results of testing the proposed methodology in January–February 2025 The main results of the study are the identification of three key consumer segments that make purchases on marketplaces. These segments were formed based on the results of a factor analysis of responses to a question about preferred forms of advertising. A subsequent in-depth analysis of responses from each segment's representatives made it possible to develop effective promotional methods for each category of goods. The study's practical significance lies in its potential application by sellers for effectively promoting their goods on marketplaces.
DYNAMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF DIVERSIFIED INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIES UNDER MULTIFACTOR MANAGEMENT
Based on the analysis of the relevance of ensuring dynamic stability in diversified industries, taking into account the risk roles of innovation projects, the problems and possibilities of traditional CVP analysis in assessing project implementation results under multifactor management conditions are revealed. The author developed a hypothesis about ensuring dynamic stability in diversified, innovative industries based on a management model for corrective factors in forming permissible current dynamic deviations in the total planned profit of a set of industries under various initiating perturbations. This hypothesis takes into account the dynamics of inflationary processes and the phase difference between initiating and corrective effects at the start and completion of projects. The presented model considers deviations of all constant and variable factors in the formation of final planned profit in joint diversified production. This includes differences in clock productivity, planned launch and completion periods of separate products in the diversified product line, and chronology of deviation changes in factors. It also considers the dynamics of inflationary processes and permissible dynamic limits of deviation in final planned profit. The methodological approach presented in the article is illustrated by selected practical examples with analytical calculations and graphical representations of adjusting variable costs for one product due to a potential price change for another product, as well as adjusting discount rates based on potentially predictable prices for other products. The above approach is largely universal under other boundary conditions to analyze the dynamic stability of the development of mono- and diversified production.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY OF REGIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT
Demographic security is one of the key elements of the national security system and influences all its constituent elements. This article aims to develop a methodological approach to assessing the level of demographic security in a region. The study aims to improve and test the assessment of regional demographic security, considering the specifics of its development and the heterogeneity of socioeconomic relations. The study's hypothesis is that comparing the calculated levels of demographic security of regions with their external statistical ratings (used as reference values) improves existing methods for assessing demographic security and increases the reliability of the results obtained. The article employs economic and statistical methods, as well as methods of comparison and analogy. It systematized the existing approaches to assessing demographic security, identified the limitations, and noted the lack of universality of the widely used index method. The author proposes an improved approach to calculating the integral index of a region's demographic security level. The author tested their methodological approach using the Ural Federal District as an example. The author provides general practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of assessing the demographic situation of a particular region while taking into account its specific socioeconomic characteristics.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF FACTORS DRIVING EXTENSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-INNOVATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
The study of development challenges in the “green” economy of the Russian industry is becoming increasingly relevant due to three socioeconomic aspects of development: social responsibility (environmen-tal protection and public health), economic benefits (cost optimization and technological renewal), and enhancing the competitiveness of domestic production (attracting investment). However, there is currently a lack of empirical research in this subject area, particularly regarding the main cause-and-effect relationships that influence the implementation of environmental innovation projects in the Russian manufacturing industry. This article aims to fill this research gap. To this end, statistical methods such as descriptive time series analysis, the Dickey – Fuller test for stationarity, and the Granger causality test were employed. Initial data consisted of a sample of quantitative indicators of factors influencing eco-innovation development extent, selected based on scientific literature analysis. The time period analyzed is 2014–2023. The research results are as follows: a. A set of factors with a statistically significant impact on the volume of investments in innovative eco-projects was identified. b. The impact of investments in eco-innovations on the intensity of waste utilization and the level of current environmental costs was identified. c. Mutual influence was found between the volume of eco-innovations and company profits, GDP energy intensity, and the development of eco-management. The results are practically significant in that they can be applied to develop mechanisms that stimulate “green” innovations in industry and assess the effectiveness of relevant government support programs.
STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PATHS FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN REGIONS
Framing an innovative model of economic development is becoming relevant in the context of a new technological paradigm, increasing technological competition in world markets, and sanctions pressure. Understanding the key characteristics of the technological profile of the economic system allows identifying areas for modernization and develop a set of measures to stimulate innovation activities. The purpose of the study is to identify the existing level of technological development and paths for the structural and technological development of Russian regions. The article analyzes regional technological structures, clusterizes structures according to their similarity, examines the dynamics of structural changes over the period from 2017 to 2023, and determines the contribution of structural and technological elements to the GRP growth index and the path for economic growth. An industry-specific approach is applied to identify the level of technological effectiveness of the regional economy – grouping industries according to their technological intensity. The Hausdorff metric is used to assess the similarity of the technological structures of regional economies. The Balassa index is used to determine the relative specialization of the regions. Groups of regions with a similar structure are distinguished based on hierarchical agglomerative clustering. The decomposition method is used to determine the contribution of structural and technological elements to the GRP growth index. The hypothesis of the study is that low-tech industries significantly contribute to the growth of GRP even in regions with a more balanced industry structure,, which indicates the insufficient influence of high-tech sectors on economic dynamics. The research allowed identifying 13 clusters, each of which is characterized by a certain level of technological development and 9 regions with a unique technological structure. The authors identified regions of inertial development moving along the existing structural and technological path and regions of transformational development that have changed their structural and technological development path. The results of this research can serve as a basis for developing recommendations to stimulate transformational processes in regions ensuring the transition from inertial paths to more innovative development models. An important area of future research is the formation of a regional structural and technological policy.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF USING PRICING FEATURES TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF STATE DEFENSE ORDER SUPPLIERS
Pricing for machine-building products, which are the object of state defense orders, has certain features that significantly distinguish it from non-defense product pricing. According to some experts, despite some changes introduced by the state, this system is being actively criticized, primarily because of the lack of opportunities to improve the efficiency of state defense order suppliers. Such enterprises are extremely limited in management decisions aimed at solving this problem since they have a single buyer represented by the state,. The study aimed to develop a methodological approach to improving the economic efficiency of state defense order (SDO) suppliers by using pricing features in this area, which consists in establishing different levels of profitability in relation to own and introduced costs. The authors formulated a hypothesis regarding the usability of the production and technological development of individual components as a tool for managing the profitability of such enterprises. Systematic, logical, comparative research methods, as well as economic and mathematical modeling are used. The work resulted in framing a model for assessing the feasibility of developing the in-house production of individual components based on the criterion of increasing the efficiency of the SDO supplier. The model was tested on the basis of hypothetical data, which allowed proving the formulated hypothesis. The concepts of “profit preservation condition” and “non-investment development budget” are introduced for modelling. The applicability of the model in the conditions typical for the operation of a real enterprise is proved. The article shows the prospects of further research into the development of a methodological approach to determining the market potential of the component used to decide on industrial and technological development.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EXPRESS AUDITING OF LABOR RATING AT A MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISE
The need to increase the effective use of human capital at machine-building enterprises exacerbates the need to improve such a management tool as labor rating. The existing methods for assessing and improving labor rating are time- and resource-consuming, wherein machine-building enterprises lack these resources. The article aims to substantiate and describe a methodological approach to assessing the state of labor rating at a machine-building enterprise, which allows quickly identifying priority areas for improvement. The study revealed that researchers and practitioners focus on the analysis of criteria and indicators reflecting the performance of the labor rating system, while less attention is paid to the methodological support of the operational audit of the regulatory and documentation base. The article presents a methodological approach to express auditing of labor rating at a machine-building enterprise, which allows reasonably and promptly identifying priority areas for the transformation of the labor rating system. The approach includes a criterion for correlating the state of labor process elements and their reflection in labor rating documents, express audit indicators – the coefficient of non-compliance with labor standards and the importance of the labor process, as well as a matrix for selecting labor processes to update labor standards and the organization of this process. The application of the proposed methodological approach at a machine-building enterprise revealed that the low quality of labor standards is often caused by the fact that regulatory documents do not consider adequately the actual state of such labor process elements as labor tools, operation technology, team qualifications and staff members. This situation is caused by the retarded development of the regulatory framework of the studied enterprise compared to technological advances and socioeconomic changes in the industry and economy. The approbation of the presented approach allowed concluding that it is applicable and effective for existing machine-building enterprises.
PROBLEMS AND PECULIAR FEATURES OF PRICING ON THE WHOLESALE ELECTRIC POWER AND CAPACITY MARKET
The article aims to analyze the pricing processes in the wholesale electricity and capacity market of the Russian Federation and to identify their problems and peculiar features. The tested hypothesis of the study is that the peculiar features of pricing in united energy systems are explained by the influence of several separate but interrelated factors that cause multidirectional problems when generating and grid companies implement pricing strategies under the conditions of energy transition, which implies refocusing on renewable energy sources. The content-related methodology of the article includes the study of electric power and capacity pricing regularities and is based on the system approach. The research tools included analysis and synthesis, study and generalization, statistical and economic analysis, and graphical method. The adequate objectives of the article are represented by the scientific analysis of modern views of researchers on the problems and peculiar features of pricing based on the results of the evolution of publications in this field; analysis of the current state of the energy industry in the Russian Federation; determining the volume of electricity consumption and actual generation in the Russian Federation; analysis of the distribution of investment projects in the energy industry according to the structure of united Russian energy systems, and analysis of the problems and peculiar features of pricing in the territories of the Central IPS (integrated power system), the North-West IPS, the South IPS, the Middle Volga IPS, the Urals IPS, the Siberia IPS, the East IPS. The results obtained according to the verification of the research hypothesis allowed identifying separate but interrelated factors which cause differently directed problems in the implementation of pricing strategies by generating and grid companies and affect the specifics of pricing: concentration of large industrial consumers; infrastructural development of energy facilities and the extensive power transmission network; competition between players in the wholesale electricity and capacity market; the share of regulated tariffs in the wholesale electricity and capacity market; development of investment raising in the electric power industry; compensation of costs incurred by generating and grid companies through state subsidies; introduction of technologies aimed at improving pricing management efficiency in electricity consumption demand management; nodal price management to ensure market equilibrium in pricing; price index management under various operating scenarios of the energy system. Brief results of the work reflecting the practical significance of the research findings are determined by their applicability in the activities of generating and grid companies of the RF energy industry aimed at improving pricing management efficiency under the conditions of energy transition and raising energy efficiency.
PROJECT-BASED APPROACH TO URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY MANAGEMENT: SEARCHING FOR NEW OPPORTUNITIES
The expediency of using a project approach to managing the quality of the urban environment is substantiated. This is due to the ongoing policy of integrated territorial development, which is becoming increasingly systemic. The emphasis is on using a project approach to managing the quality of the urban environment to improve its efficiency. Particular emphasis is placed on the expediency of searching for new effective mechanisms and tools for implementing the National Project «Infrastructure for Life» at the regional and local levels. Cities of varying sizes (the largest, large, big) included in the core settlements of the Russian Federation were considered as an object. The goal was formulated: to identify the capabilities and limitations of cities of different sizes in developing the urban environment in new conditions. The research methods included: a thematic review of sources (regulatory documents, monographs and scientific articles, analytical materials, statistical information); analysis of cities in the region (Chelyabinsk Region), a matrix analysis of the impact of the National Project on the quality of the urban environment. The hypothesis was based on the assumption that the quality of the urban environment and development potential differ in cities of different status (by population size, socio-economic situation, etc.), which must be taken into account when forming the settlement framework of territories (core settlements) and infrastructure for the life of the population. Results: a) an intensification of research on project management in the social sphere was noted; b) it was shown that when implementing national projects it is necessary to apply new approaches to project management, in connection with this, an increased interest was noted in the theoretical basis of core settlements, namely the theory of central places, core points of the territory; c) limitations and possibilities for the development of settlements to improve the living conditions of the population were identified (using the example of the cities of the Chelyabinsk region), the need to determine the status of core settlements for the development of their target development models was substantiated.
PROJECT VIABILITY ASSESSMENT IN THE “TERRITORY OF ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT” MODE: APPLICATION SOLUTIONS FOR METHODOLOGICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL SUPPORT
The article deals with methodological and instrumental support in the management of territories with a special economic and legal development regime. The research aimed to develop a model for optimal investment project management in a territory of advanced development (TAD) and relevant solutions for the information support of TAD management. The research was based on regulatory provisions on the effectiveness criteria for priority development projects, mature methods for assessing the commercial effectiveness of investments, the scientific concept of multi-criteria optimization (MCO), the universal methods of economic planning for the formation of deterministic functional relationships between model parameters, discounting and capitalization of cash flow, fuzzy logic, management expertise organization and statistical analysis of its results. The developed MCO model solves the problem of selecting a project (on a finite discrete set of alternatives), which best meets the criteria and limitations of commercial efficiency and TAD effectiveness criteria, taking into account the expertly defined rules of conduct of the studied management system. The development and experimental testing of the MCO model showed its suitability for the explication of significant factors in investment project management in the TAD mode, the formation of indicative economic forecasts for investment projects, including the volume of tax payments and preferences, as well as the assessment of project deliverables – from the standpoint of corporate and budgetary effects. The developed solutions are unified and adaptable to the specifics of investment project management systems for industrial enterprises in the TAD mode. We also believe that the developed solutions can be considered as a prototype of a monitoring system in investment project management in the TAD mode and building a single information space which unites players in the regional economic system.
ASSESSING THE SYNERGETIC EFFECT IN THE INTERACTION OF GOVERNANCE ENTITIES WHEN IMPLEMENTING THE REGIONAL GOVERNANCE MODEL
The article discusses the main theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of a syner-getic effect in the management and selforganization of regional socioeconomic systems, which involve the organizing and regulating influence of government bodies on the life activities of the population of territories aimed to regulate and reproduce them through economic and social infrastructure development. The purpose of the article is to search for tools for evaluating the synergetic effects in governance. The subject of the study is emerging connections and synergetic effects between entities and stakeholders in regional system governance. The main research methods are modeling and scientific abstractions, as well as systematic approach, observation, and collection of facts. The hypothesis of the study is that the synergetic effect can manifest itself through reducing the time required to complete an operation or process, can be enhanced by attracting new members (in this case, stakeholders) to expert groups, and can be determined using expert value judgments on the skills of the group members, and combinations of these aspects. The study is based on a regional governance model grounded on the assumption that government authorities, business, and society participate in the governance process and that their roles are enhanced compared to the current governance model and united into a regional governance union. Scholars dispute about the na-ture of the synergy effect: joining governance teams can lead to both positive and negative results. The article discusses the provisions on the assessment of the synergetic effect in the interaction of regional government entities: government, business, and society. The study presents three approaches: the first approach is based on the assumption that when the role of stakeholders in managing regional systems (business and society) changes (strengthens), their satisfaction with the process and overall motivation will increase, and therefore the synergetic effect of their participation in the process will also increase. The second approach is based on the assumption that the participation of more interested parties in the management process will increase the efficiency of the group and, consequently, reduce the time required to complete the operation. The third approach is based on expert assessments of the team's skills, including emotional, intellectual, organizational, and IT skills (to simplify the model, yes/no assessments are accepted at this stage of the study). This approach can help forming an assumption about the future synergistic effect, as well as suggestions on the composition of teams able to achieve this effect.
EVOLUTION OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT: FROM SYSTEM TO ECOSYSTEM
Each economic development period provides for the application of new approaches to logistics management, which is reflected in the forms of organizing logistics activities. The period of digital transformation places special demands on building relationships between participants in logistics processes, which should be based on the principles of openness, transparency, and ensure the ability to respond promptly to any dynamic changes in the internal and external conditions for taking logistics actions. Whereas the theoretical basis for logistics management in the context of the digitalization of economic relations is in its infancy and there is a gap between the practical implementation of the innovative forms of logistics organization and applied research, studies into the evolutionary aspects of transformational changes in logistics management are relevant. The goal of the study is to systematize views on the evolutionary form of ecosystem management of logistics based on the analysis of theoretical provisions and concepts in the conditions of digital economy. The hypothesis of the study is based on the assumption that the ecosystem form is an evolutionary stage in the genesis of logistics management and ensures the sustainability and efficiency of logistics at any hierarchical level. To confirm the hypothesis and achieve the stated goal, the study uses the methods of systematization of professional information and conceptual logistics provisions, as well as the general scientific methods of cognition for structuring and generalizing theoretical material on logistics management from the standpoint of ecosystems. The study results in the evolutionary analysis and identification of characteristic features of the ecosystem approach to the organization of logistics activities and highlights classification features for the for mation of their development pathways.
COMPREHENSIVE SIMULATION MODELING WHEN PLANNING THE WORK OF THE ADMISSION CAMPAIGN OF A RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY
An analysis of the results of admission campaigns in Russian universities in 2023–2024 has shown that the introduction of a new system of priority areas facilitated the education process, though the struggle of universities to successfully attract applicants did not disappear. Regional universities are forced to compete with each other for school graduates and actively promote their educational programs so that consumers choose them over competitors. The relevance of this issue is to evaluate the results of the interaction between applicants and the university during the admission period. The research conducted at Vladivostok State University (VVSU) in the fall of 2024 among first-year students included 2 stages: the identification of factors determining the applicants’ choice of a university and the development of models for making management decisions during the admission campaign in the analyzed year. The paper considered simulation modeling, which helps find optimal solutions and clearly understand the complex system. Foreign and domestic studies steadily use this type of modeling. Comprehensive simulation modeling combines a dynamic agent model and system dynamics, which allows studying simultaneously the activities of university admission campaigns in the implementation of educational services and the behavior of applicants when choosing a university in a competitive environment. The scientific hypothesis of the study was the as sumption that comprehensive simulation modeling will help optimize the work of the admission campaign in the implementation of educational services. The results of the study on the implementation of university educational services in 2024 identified the main factors influencing the choice of a university, its specialties and areas of study and confirmed the hypothesis that the complexity of modeling improves the quality of selecting applicants for full-time higher education at VVSU and optimizes the work of the admission campaign. The methodological basis of the study is the theoretical generalization of scientific literature, comparative analysis and synthesis, as well as modeling.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTITUTIONAL SOLUTIONS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The relevance of studying the problem of poverty is obvious, since poverty relief is a key socio-economic task of each state. The goal of this paper is to analyze the level of poverty and study the foundations of institutional mechanisms for overcoming it in today’s context using the example of the Russian Federation. When analyzing the effectiveness of institutional solutions to reduce poverty in Russia, the authors applied statistical and logical research methods. The paper hypothesized the importance of using effective institutional solutions to reduce poverty in Russia. The analysis of data on the population with substandard income in Russia demonstrates a downward tendency both in the absolute number and the proportion of the poorest segments of the population. To ensure the fight against poverty, the government implemented only a basic monetary approach in maintaining the institutional mechanism to support citizens but developed no institutional mechanism for combating poverty. To create an effective and qualitatively new institutional mechanism for combating poverty and its causes, the authors propose to rely on the following principles: a) development of public-private partnership (PPP) in solving the problem of poverty; b) attraction of public resources for economic development. The authors believe in the necessity of developing a universal methodology for determining the social and spiritual needs of the population adapted to the conditions and specifics of each region, which will allow for a more accurate response to the challenges of poverty in specific mesoeconomic systems of the state. The analysis of the socio-economic situation and the level of poverty in Russia allowed substantiating the need to develop an effective institutional mechanism for combating poverty adapted to modern realities. The implementation of the proposed ideas in the Russian Federation will help create the prerequisites for sustainable socio-economic development, improving the living standards of the population, and strengthening the social stability in the Russian regions.
ASSESSMENT OF RISKS OF THE PAYMENT SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE FINANCIAL MARKET OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The paper considers the constant striving for digital development in the financial market of the Russian Federation, which brings new players to the market – Bigtech and Fintech companies and new paradigms – open finance and open data, DeFi, BaaS, which in turn changes the place and role of payment systems. The study aims to assess the effect of risk events of the digital transformation in the financial market on the payment system in the open finance and open data and to propose solutions for risk management. The hypothesis of the study is that different scenarios of digital transformation of the financial market lead to changes in the value chain of payment infrastructure services and to the need to adapt the business model of the payment system to the new level of risk. Methodology and methods: the method of identification of the main causes of risk events, a scenario method, the expert method of risk assessment, a comparative method. Results and conclusions: this paper forms models of the value chain of payment infrastructure services for different scenarios of digital development of the financial market in the open data paradigm. The author has carried out a comparative assessment of the models by risk level, they substantiate the need to adapt the payment system business model to the changes in the financial market and proposed a mechanism that includes organizational, economic and technological measures to mitigate the negative impact of risk events. The author proves the necessity of regulatory changes in the functions of nationally significant payment systems to ensure further digital development of the financial market and highlights their special role in the transformation of the payment infrastructure. The relevance: the proposed risk management mechanism can be implemented in the risk management of payment systems, taken into account in the development of measures of state regulation of payment infrastructure in the financial market.
TRENDS IN THE CONSULTING SERVICES MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION AND SPECIALIZATION
The paper deals with the transformation of the global economy in recent years, which requires the consulting business to respond quickly to changes such as increased digitalization, the introduction of artificial intelligence and the development of global networks. In this regard, the study has tested the hypothesis that the transformation of offers in the consulting market in terms of digitalization and business expertise is conditioned by the need to form hybrid models of value creation that integrate specialized expertise with digital tools in order to diversify and personalize the services provided. The object of the study is the consulting services market. The subject of the study is the transformation of the consulting services market under the influence of digitalization and specialization, their impact on the business models of consulting companies and changes in demand for consulting services. The study aims to analyze trends in the consulting services market, identify vectors of its development in the face of digitalization and specialization, and determine their impact on the structure and dynamics of the industry. To achieve the goal and confirm the hypothesis of the study, the authors apply the methods of observation, comparison, grouping, statistical analysis and modelling. The study analyses and systematizes the types of consulting services, and similar to the concept of the Industrial Revolution defines the stages of consulting development, which allow us to define the concepts of dynamic capabilities of this business. The study defines the principles of interaction between customers and consulting companies, which evolve under the influence of digital technologies and global processes. The work has proved the hypothesis that one of the key characteristics of specialized consulting companies is their ability to adapt to change, building strategies through digitalization and specialization of services.
MODELING THE SUCCESS OF COMPLETING MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY USING LOGISTIC REGRESSIONS
The paper considers mergers and acquisitions to be often the only possible option for implementing long-term development strategies due to the limited possibilities for creating new production capacity in electric power companies. The study aims to identify the factors that influence the success of mergers and acquisitions in the electric power industry. The success of a deal is crucial for decision making due to the long period of its implementation. The main hypothesis of the study is that not only the deal parameters themselves, the strategy implemented by the participants, but also the economic, social and political factors of the environment influence the successful completion of deals. The authors use logistic regressions in the form of single-layer neural networks with a sigmoidal activation function as an economic and mathematical toolkit. The constructed models show that larger deals are less likely to be successful. The authors also conclude that political factors have a significant impact on the success of a deal. This reflects the modern realities of long-term decision making. The models are tested on the example of large mergers and acquisitions in the Russian energy industry; the results obtained allow us to conclude that the hypothesis is verified and the models are applicable to strategic planning. The models can be used in the planning and execution of M&A deals both at the stage of preliminary selection of counterparties and for the purpose of choosing the best time for the deal execution.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISE: KEY DEFINITIONS, PRINCIPLES AND APPROACHES
The article critically analyses the approaches to understanding the essential characteristics and principles of digital transformation of modern enterprises. The study aims to consider the existing points of view on the essence and content of digital transformation and digitalization, to identify the features of digital transformation depending on the type of business processes of the organization. The key hypothesis of the study is that there are different types of digital transformation, the efficient implementation of which significantly depends on the specifics of the business processes, the correct choice of the type and strategy of digital transformation. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign researchers on the relationship between such definitions as: digitalization and digital transformation. The analysis results in the grouping of the existing points of view into 3 basic approaches: process, aggregation and identity, and the authors identified the distinctions between digitalisation and digital transformation. The authors specify the differences between the “digitalization” and “digital transformation” and identify 2 enlarged types of digital transformation: the first type has a hallmark – “change design vector”, and the second type has a set of features including “scale of change” and “radicality of change”. The classification of digital transformation types expands theoretical knowledge in the field of digital transformation management of enterprises and contributes to the development of practically-oriented methods and models of effective digital transformation in domestic enterprises. The authors justify the relationship between the types of business processes of the enterprise in terms of digital transformation type: the first type of digital transformation is most typical for the main business processes with high capital intensity and low flexibility, and the second is typical for auxiliary and managerial business processes with low capital intensity and greater flexibility. The model of classification of digital transformation projects allows us to diversify strategies, minimize costs and increase the efficiency of digitalisation of business processes.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
The paper aims to develop an original methodological approach to assessing the economic efficiency of technological entrepreneurship in the electric power industry. Its role is repeatedly increasing in the era of high-tech industry development and import substitution to ensure accelerated economic growth. The authors' hypothesis is that technological entrepreneurship is a cost-effective tool for activating the innovation process through localisation, rapid implementation of R&D within power companies, and accumulation of intellectual capital, which is highly relevant in terms of staff shortage. The research is based on classification methods, statistical analysis, expert evaluations, assessment of risk and uncertainty factors in evaluating the innovation efficiency. As a result, firstly, the authors have formed the scope of the most promising breakthrough technologies being developed in the energy sector by small technological enterprises and startups, and defined the range of business models that can be used by generating, power grid, power supply and service companies depending on the types of services provided; secondly, they have grounded the need to take into account the technical, economic and market industry specifics of such projects when assessing their economic efficiency, and thirdly, they have proposed a range of business models that can be used in the production of robotic complexes for diagnostics of energy facilities. The proposed recommendations have been tested on the example of the company engaged in high-risk activity in the production of robotised complexes for diagnostics of electric power facilities. The results of the study have practical significance for energy and industrial facilities engaged in the renewal of production assets by introducing advanced digital, technological, organisational, management solutions, and the development of new market niches.
HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED TRADING SYSTEMS IN THE STOCK MARKET
The paper deals with the rapid development of automated trading systems, which requires a systematisation of knowledge about the methods, models and technologies they use. The subject of the study is automated trading on the stock market. The study of the history of automated trading systems allows to formulate the main hypothesis of the study: the development of automated trading systems based on quantum computing and machine learning methods can significantly increase the efficiency of algorithmic trading. The study aims to summarise the existing knowledge, models and methods used by stock market participants in trading robots, to study and identify possible directions of their future development. To achieve the research objective, the corpus of scientific literature devoted to automated trading, machine learning and quantum computing will be studied. The research uses historical, systemic and comparative analysis, expert judgement and statistical methods. The authors outline the main stages in the development of automated trading systems on the stock market. They specify the software part of the automated trading system and propose the classification of alpha and risk models used in algorithmic trading. The study reveals the problems of modern quantum computers, which do not allow using these machines for full automation of trading decisions. It shows that while quantum computing algorithms are developing faster than quantum computers themselves, the solution to some applied problems in finance is already being tested on a new type of computing machine. Financial market practitioners can use the results of the research to determine the directions of development of the automated trading systems they use, and scientists can identify promising areas of scientific research.
ASSESSMENT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE RUSSIAN MINING INDUSTRY: A RESOURCE-BASED APPROACH
The paper examines the need for mining companies to invest in modern digital technologies in order to remain competitive in the international market and to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of environmental legislation. The subject of the study is the digitalisation of the domestic mining industry, which is inevitable for its development. The main hypothesis is a moderate increase in the intensity and scope of digitalisation in this sector of the economy. The study aims to assess the digital transformation of mining companies from the perspective of the resource-based research paradigm. According to this paradigm, the authors analyse the indicators that reflect the use of financial and information resources, which are so important at this stage of the development of the digital economy. The authors assess the intensity and scale of digital transformation in mining companies using value and non-alue indicators. The former include the cost of implementing and using digital technologies, the cost of purchasing and renting software, while the latter include the prevalence of CRM, ERP, SCM systems in the industry, the amount of software used by leading companies, the amount of software products of Russian developers used in the industry, the number of advanced production technologies, and the extent of various types of new digital technologies. As far as the value indicators of digital transformation are concerned, it is concluded that there is significant growth, but it is of low quality due to stricter legislation and rising prices. The analysis of the non-value indicators shows a moderate intensity and scope of digitalisation processes in the industry. At the end of the assessment, the authors verify the hypothesis.
AUDIT OF THE ESG REPORTING OF ENTERPRISES IN THE ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY: CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS
The global economy and the international financial architecture responded to the challenges of the climate agenda for sustainable development and the tightening of decarbonization requirements with a request for a systematic analysis of the activities of the industrial and energy to balance economic development, society, and nature. This paper examines the recent trends indicating the increasing interest of investors, regulators, and domestic businesses in achieving sustainable development goals and implementing climate agenda strategies. The applied aspect is distinguished by the development of methodologies, approaches, standards, and formats for the presentation and certification of non-financial information, as well as the formation of institutional structures, such as rating agencies, expert analytical platforms, verifiers, etc. Audit companies play a special role among them. The hypothesis of the study is that the tasks of expanding international relations in the conditions of insufficient auditing of non-financial reporting in Russia may negatively affect the ability to confirm the compliance of industrial and energy companies with the requirements of the ESG agenda. The purpose of the study is to determine the readiness of the auditing and consulting services market to interact with the industrial and energy sectors to disclose systemic interdisciplinary information on climate change actions and the ESG agenda. The object of the study is special auditing and consulting activities related to the disclosure of non-financial statements of enterprises in the industrial and energy sectors of the Russian economy. The subject of the study is the verification and auditing of non-financial statements of Russian enterprises in order to ensure transparency in fulfilling obligations to achieve sustainable development goals and increase energy and industry decarbonization potential. The methodological basis of the study includes content analysis, synthesis, and comparative analytics. The content analysis was based on the data on the activities of audit and consulting companies in the Ural Federal District characterized by a large number of enterprises in the industrial and energy sectors being potential consumers of services to confirm ESG compliance. The study concluded that the auditing and consulting of non-financial reporting are concentrated in the Central Federal District, which is explained by the presence of the parent organizations of major Russian auditing and consulting organizations in this region. Auditing and consulting companies in the Ural Federal District are not ready yet to provide services to confirm the ESG status of industrial and energy enterprises located in the region, which may limit the admission of these enterprises to international markets.
PRIORITIES OF REGIONAL STRATEGIZING: THE ROLE AND DETERMINANTS OF THE CLIMATE AGENDA
The study reconsiders the traditional approach to selecting strategic priorities for regional development in the context of the climate agenda, which reflects global trends in energy transition, decarbonisation and adaptation to climate change. Adequate assessment by regions of climate change, climate risks, threats and emerging opportunities, which should be taken into account in strategic plans for social and economic development, plays an important role in this process. The failure-free operation of energy infrastructure as an integrated energy system in Russia is of particular importance in the context of climate catastrophes. Therefore, eleven regions that are part of the integrated energy system of the Urals are selected as the subject of the study. The aim of the paper is to substantiate the methodology of diagnosis and assessment of the implementation of the climate agenda factors in the regional strategic priorities and to analyse the degree of preparedness of the Urals energy system regions to the growing climate risks. The hypothesis of the study is that natural and climatic conditions and climate risks, which can cause significant damage, determine the choice of regional strategy priorities and the degree of elaboration of regional climate change adaptation plans. The research methods used are content analysis, analytical methods, synthesis and comparative analysis. The study is based on the materials available on the official websites of the regions and state statistical bodies, in the information and legal database "Consultant+", in the open access of the Internet, in particular, Roshydromet documents, regional climate change adaptation plans, strategies of social and economic development of the regions and others. The study shows that the work is being carried out and, according to formal criteria, generally complies with the recommendations of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. The study supports this hypothesis: the regions have mostly developed regional adaptation plans, and the priorities of social and economic development strategies reflect the determinants of the climate agenda and the main risks posed by climate change. However, the fact that regional strategies include certain climate priorities does not mean that they are fully elaborated. The obtained results can be used to improve regional strategies for improving social and economic development and climate change adaptation plans.
ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT: DIGITAL TOOLS IN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, PROGRAMS, AND PROJECTS
The concept of sustainable development is an important management guideline at the level of individual organizations (3P concept), corporate governance (ESG agenda), regions and countries (resilience to shocks and achievement of sustainable development goals). The weakness of sustainable development ratings is their static nature, insufficient predictive potential, and limited opportunities for making management decisions. Sustainable development management in the digital environment determines the need to develop special assessment and diagnostic methods that allow both analyzing the achieved quantitative results in the economic, social, and environmental spheres of the region, and studying the determining factors and reasons. Under present-day conditions, the main factors are digital tools as determinants of achieving sustainable development goals. The goal of the study is to assess the use of digital tools in development projects, programs, and strategies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and to identify the industry and regional features of the digital support of sustainable development in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The hypothesis of the study is that the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are strongly differentiated by the level of using digital tools in the implementation of regional development strategies, programs, and projects in the economic, social, environmental, and management spheres related to their industry specialization, which determine the achievement of qualitative and quantitative sustainable development goals. Research methods include content analysis, distance method, and structural analysis. The statistical base consisted of data from the regional strategies for the digital transformation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the Atlas of Economic Specialization of Regions of Russia. The study resulted in the systematization of approaches to understanding the sustainable development of regions, reviewed official ratings and methods for assessing the sustainable development of countries and regions, developed and tested a methodological approach to regional rating that takes into account the processes of achieving results – the use of digital technologies in development projects and programs. The study revealed that the industry specialization of regions has varying degrees of influence on the digital support of sustainable development. Medium-specialized regions are characterized by the maximum differentiation in digital support. The obtained results can be useful to federal authorities in elaborating methodological guidelines for the selection and recommendation of regional development projects, as well as to regional authorities in developing and implementing sustainable development strategies and digital transformation strategies.
QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS OF THE CHELYABINSK REGION
The paper examines the relationship between the competitiveness indicators of municipal districts and aims to form a model of acquiring competitive advantages by municipal districts. The subject of the study is the fuzzy relationship between the economic results of the development of these territories, represented by the indicator of consumer spending, and a set of factors characterising competitive advantages. The main research method is a qualitative comparative analysis, enabling to obtain combinations of factors that provide a given result of the territory's functioning. The hypothesis of the study is that the level of economic development of a municipal district is determined by a set of competitiveness factors. The study is based on the municipal districts of the Chelyabinsk Region. The article defines the choice of competitiveness factors, the resultant indicator and the method of qualitative comparative analysis for the construction of the target function. The authors set the limits and the range of each of the five factor variables, the parameters of consistency and coverage for each model, and verify the truth of the original model, characterised by sufficiently high consistency indices. They find that the minimum values of the output variables, which characterise a low level of competitiveness of the territory, are caused by the absence of large cities on the territory of the municipal district in combination with low transport accessibility, insignificant investment activity of the territory, the absence of resort and recreational areas. The obtained model explains the reasons for competitive advantages for 14 out of 19 municipal districts of the Chelyabinsk region. The practical implications include the development of recommendations for municipal and regional authorities to improve the competitive advantages of municipal districts and the development of guidelines and tools to support them.
ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE EXIT RUSSIA FROM WTO
The study considers possible positive and negative consequences for Russia and the entire world community of a hypothetical exit of Russia from the WTO. The object of the study is the current relations between the WTO and Russia. The paper aims to assess the possible consequences of Russia's exit from the WTO to make an in formed decision in the conditions of economic pressure from a group of foreign countries. The hypothesis is the prevalence of negative consequences for Russia and the world community of such a decision. The main methods applied in the paper are systematisation of the conditions of Russia's entry into the WTO and their correlation with the similar consequences of its exit, and also calculation of Russia's direct financial losses for the period of the country's stay in the WTO. The paper shows that Russia took unprecedented steps to reduce tariffs and fulfil other conditions for joining the WTO, which brought direct financial losses. It also reveals that Russia maintained weighted average tariffs before the direct application of economic sanctions by a group of foreign countries. The author identifies the main positive and negative consequences of Russia's joining the WTO or possible consequences of Russia's hypothetical exit from the WTO. They show the possibilities of partial compensation of financial losses for Russia as a WTO member state. The hypothesis about the prevalence of negative financial and non-financial consequences of Russia's exit from the WTO is verified. The author recommends maintaining membership in the WTO and resisting sanctions while staying in the international organisation to preserve Russia's position in the global financial markets. The author plans to develop recommendations on minimising financial losses in the event of Russia's hypothetical exit from the WTO.